Discussion on: moment methods for structural reliability

A few comments on moment method for reliability analysis advocated by Zhao and Ono are presented in the paper. It is demonstrated using a number of numerical examples that the first four moments of a distribution, particularly when they are crudely estimated, do not always allow good estimates of tail probabilities, and that some different equivalent forms of performance function that describe the same structural problem may give totally incorrect values for the reliability when the Zhao and Ono methodology is applied to them. Furthermore, the computation method for the first four moments proposed by the same authors may be incorrect so that the reliability result is unreasonable accordingly.     

Evaluation of web compactness limits for singly and doubly symmetric steel I-girders

This paper presents the results of research aimed at evaluating the web compactness limit for steel I-girders. Specifically, the paper tests the implications of a new web compactness limit equation provided in the 2003 AASHTO LRFD specifications [AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications. 3rd ed. Washington (DC): AASHTO; 2003 [in press]] versus the web compactness limit in the 2001 AASHTO LRFD specifications [AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications. 2nd ed. Washington (DC): AASHTO; 1998 [with 2001 interims]] and 1999 AISC LRFD specifications [AISC. Manual of steel construction, load and resistance factor design, Chicago (IL); 2001]. In both the AASHTO and AISC specifications, these limits are required for the nominal moment capacity to equal the plastic moment capacity of the girder, provided other requirements are also satisfied.The origins of the AASHTO [AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications. 3rd ed. Washington (DC): AASHTO; 2003 [in press]; AASHTO LRFD bridge design specifications. 2nd ed. Washington (DC): AASHTO; 1998 [with 2001 interims]] web compactness limits are presented along with a performance evaluation of these equations. Specifically, resulting moment capacities from a comprehensive suite of finite element analyses are compared to the capacities that the respective limits are intended to provide. Results indicate the AASHTO (2003) web compactness provisions provide a more accurate representation of girder strength than those in the AASHTO (2001) and AISC (1999) Specifications.     

边坡稳定安全系数求解格式的分类统一

根据极限平衡条分法所满足的平衡条件，将现行13种极限平衡条分法分为4大类：M类(仅考虑对选定求矩中心的力矩平衡)、VM类(考虑垂直方向力的平衡和对选定求矩中心的力矩平衡)、HV类(考虑水平方向力的平衡和垂直方向力的平衡)和HVM类(考虑所有平衡条件)。其中，M类(瑞典法)有显式解，VM类(简化Bishop法)有隐式的安全系数表达式，迭代并不困难。将现有极限平衡条分法对条问力的假定表示成统一形式，根据力和力矩的平衡，推导出十分简明的条间力递推方程和条问力矩递推方程。根据条问力递推方程，建立了传统意义上(保持原有方法所满足的平衡条件、对条间力的假定和未知量小变)基于力平衡(HV类)的安全系数统一求解格式。根据条间力递推方程和条问力矩递推方程，通过Newton-Raphson法建立了传统意义上基于严格半衡(HVM类)的安全系数统一求解格式。不但便于程序的编写，而且有利于不同方法优缺点的比较和理解。     

Waveguide Invariant and Passive Ranging Using Double Element

The sea-trial results indicate that the stable interference structure can be observed in low-frequency continuous spectra sound field.And the equation of the interference striation have been derived in light of the comcept of waveguide invariant, indicating that the striations are a family of quasi hyperbolas. The heading angle φ, waveguide invariant β and r0/v(r0 is the range of the closest point of approach and v is the navigating velocity of target) are estimated by using Hough transform for the image processing of the LOFARgram and bearing-time records. Four passive ranging algorithms based on double element or double array model are proposed. The simulation research shows that the first positioning algorithm should be adopted when the target heading angle is less than 10°; otherwise, the latter three algorithms are used to range, and the larger the heading angle is, the higher the positioning accuracy is. The relative ranging errors of the four methods are less than 10% under the simulation conditions used in this paper.     

基于组合矩特征的舰船目标识别

针对采用一维距离像特征进行舰船目标识别时,大样本需要、算法复杂和效率较低的问题,提出一种利用组合矩特征进行舰船目标识别的方法.首先提取目标距离像的变换不变矩及小波不变矩特征,并且在考虑算法效率及分类器设计的基础上,最终选取共6维特征构造组合矩,作为分类器输入,并利用实测数据对特征进行简化.分析结果表明:经过实测舰船数据验证,所提取的特征克服了姿态、幅度敏感性等特点,能够较好地表征不同类型舰船的差异.算法分类正确率较高,具有较好的工程应用前景.     

基于Gaussian-Hermite矩的旋转运动模糊不变量

目的 模糊图像的分析与识别是图像分析与识别领域的重要方向。有些图像形成过程中成像系统与物体之间存在相对旋转运动,如因导弹高速自旋转造成的制导图像的旋转运动模糊。大多数对于这类图像的识别都需要先对模糊图像进行“去模糊”的预处理,且该类方法存在计算时间复杂度较高及不适定的问题。对此,提出一种直接提取旋转运动模糊图像中的不变特征,用于旋转运动模糊图像目标检索和识别。方法 本文以旋转运动模糊的退化模型为出发点,提出了旋转运动模糊Gaussian-Hermite (GH)矩,构造了一组由5个对旋转变换和旋转运动模糊保持不变性的GH矩不变量组成的特征向量(rotational motion blur Gaussian-Hermite moment invariants,RMB_GHMI-5),可从旋转变换和旋转运动模糊的图像中直接进行目标检索和识别,无需前置复杂的“去模糊”预处理过程。结果 在USC-SIPI (University of Southern California — Signal and Image Processing Institute)数据集上进行不变性实验,对原图进行不同程度的旋转变换叠加旋转运动模糊处理,证明RMB_GHMI-5对于旋转变换和旋转运动模糊具有良好的稳定性和不变性。在两个数据集上与同类4种方法进行图像检索实验比较,在80%召回率下,本文方法维数更少,相比性能第2的特征向量,在Flavia数据集中,高斯噪声、椒盐噪声、泊松噪声和乘性噪声干扰下的准确率分别提高25.89%、39.95%、22.79%和35.80%;在Butterfly Image数据集中,高斯噪声、椒盐噪声、泊松噪声和乘性噪声干扰下的准确率分别提高4.79、7.63%、5.65%和18.31%。同时,在上述8个测试数据集中进行对比实验以验证融合算法的有效性,结果表明本文提出的GH矩和几何矩相融合算法显著改善了图像检索效果。结论 本文提出的RMB_GHMI-5特征向量在旋转变换和旋转运动模糊下具有良好的不变性与稳定性,在图像检索抗噪性能方面表现优异。相比同类方法,本文方法更具实际应用价值。     

基于kalman滤波的机器人三维视觉定位

针对三维视觉定位问题,提出了一种基于kalman滤波的机器人眼在手上视觉定位方法。利用图像的全局特征描述子-图像矩来提取目标的三维图像特征,在不标定摄像机和机器人坐标变换关系的情况下,采用kalman滤波估计算法对图像雅可比矩阵进行在线辨识,并建立图像特征反馈控制,使定位目标物体的图像坐标始终保持在图像平面的中心位置。利用MATLAB仿真软件建立了基于kalman滤波的机器人眼在手上视觉定位仿真模型,实现了机器人的三维视觉定位。实验研究表明,该方法可以使机器人到达目标位置,且定位精度较高。     

基于轮廓分析与三阶不变矩的旋转目标定位算法

为了解决当前图像定位算法在识别旋转与缩放工件目标时,存在定位成功率不高的问题,提出了基于轮廓分析与不变矩特征的旋转目标定位算法.首先,采用自适应二值化对图像进行预处理,并遍历图像轮廓,完成轮廓序列提取与面积计算,实现对杂质干扰的排除.然后构建三阶不变矩,计算逐一计算图像轮廓序列的三阶不变矩特征,从而建立定位度函数,与模板目标的不变矩特征比较,完成对旋转缩放工件目标定位.实验测试结果表明,与当前图像定位算法相比,在面对缩放十旋转干扰时,本算法拥有更高的定位成功率与鲁棒性.     

基于不变矩和SVM的圆形交通标志识别方法研究

针对道路交通标志的自动识别问题,通过不变矩和支持向量机(SVM)方法对圆形标志图像识别方法进行研究。首先根据交通标志的颜色和形状信息对采集到的原始图像进行颜色分割、形态学去噪和形状检测等处理,获得图像中包含交通标志的区域。然后分别对标志图像进行Hu矩和Zernike矩的特征值提取,将特征值输入SVM中进行训练并采用网格搜索法对SVM进行参数优化,最后使用优化后的支持向量机方法实现交通标志的识别。实验表明,与现有的其他交通标志识别算法相比,采用高阶Zernike矩与优化后SVM的识别方法有更好的识别效果。     

PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR 2-PARAMETER LOG-LOGISTIC DISTRIBUTION (LLD2) BY MAXIMUM ENTROPY

The principle of maximum entropy (POME) was employed to derive a new method of parameter estimation for the 2-parameter log-logistic distribution (LLD2). Monte Carlo simulated data were used to evaluate this method and compare it with the methods of moments (MOM), probability weighted moments (PWM), and maximum likelihood estimation (MLE). Simulation results showed that POME's performance was superior in predicting quantiles of large recurrence intervals when population coefficient of variation was greater than or equal to 1.0. In all other cases, POME's performance was comparable to other methods. In terms of parameter bias and root mean square error, POME was comparable to MLE and superior to both MOM and PWM.